Design And Simulation Of An Intelligent Adaptive Arbiter For Maximum Cpu Usage Of Multicore Processors

The recent technology in the world of microprocessor is blended with complex chips that incorporate multiple processors dedicated for specific computational needs. Therefore, in any shared memory system, an arbitration technique plays an important role to allocate access to the shared resources. The major challenge dealt in the proposed research is the achievement of maximum CPU utilization by exploiting its multiple cores with moderate bus bandwidth allocation and low system latency. In order to tackle the aforesaid problems, an intelligent adaptive arbitration technique has been proposed for the masters designed according to the traffic behaviour of the data flow. The proposed intelligent adaptive arbitration technique is implemented using STREAM, which is a synthetic benchmark program that measures computational rate and sustainable memory bandwidth. In terms of performance analysis, the proposed arbitration technique has been compared with the recent arbitration technique, such as adaptive arbitration technique, dynamic lottery bus arbitration, round robin arbitration and static fixed priority arbitration. To enhance the CPU utilization and bandwidth optimization, the proposed arbitration technique has been modelled using SystemC and OpenMP threads using the method of parallel programming to enable multi-core computing. Some recent arbitration technique achieves fair bus bandwidth allocation up to some extent but fails to achieve maximum CPU utilization, as the processor spends 95-96 % of their time idle and waits for cache misses to be satisfied. The proposed arbitration technique is a strong case in favour of maximum CPU usage and bandwidth optimization, as it consumes the processor cores up to 74% and also reduces the bandwidth fluctuation as well as latency

Numerical simulations of a CD nozzle and the influence of the duct length

A numerical method is used to observe the effect of microjets control on wall pressure spreading in sudden expansion two-dimensional planar duct. In order to find the microjet effectiveness 2-jets of 1 mm diameter orifice located precisely at 900 of intervals along a pitch-circle-distance (PCD) of 1.3 times the exit diameter of the nozzle in the base were employed to control actively. At the present study, the Mach number was used to calibrate the entry to duct was 2.2, and the area ratio of 2.56. The focus in this study and investigate the influence of length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) of a suddenly expanded duct and its effect on the development of the flow field. Hence, to achieve this, the duct length has been varied from 2 to 10. Nozzles are producing such Mach numbers the experiments were performed operating at nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. The convergent-divergent nozzle geometry has been studied using the K-ε standard wall function turbulence model and independently check with the ANSYS software

Control of CD nozzle flow using microjets at Mach 2.1

This paper reports the outcome of the wind tunnel investigation performed to study the effectiveness of the control jets to regulate the base pressure in an abruptly expanded circular pipe. Tiny jets four in a number, of 1 mm orifice diameter located at ninety degrees in cross shape along a pitch circle diameter (PCD) of 1.3 as a control mechanism were employed. The Mach numbers and the area ratio of the study were 2.1, and 4.84. The length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of the duct tested was varied from 10 to 1. Nature of the flow in the duct, as well as static wall pressure distribution in the suddenly enlarged duct, was recorded. The main aim of this study was to assess the influence of the active control in the form of tiny jets on the flow field as well as the nature of the flow, and also the development of the flow in the duct. The results obtained in this study show that the flow field, as well as the wall pressure distribution, is not adversely influenced by the tiny jets. The minimum duct length seems to be 2D for NPR's in the range five and above. However, for all the level of expansion of the present study, the minimum duct length needed for the flow to remain attached seems to be 3D

Evaluating the Surface Free Energy and Moisture Sensitivity of Warm Mix Asphalt Binders Using Dynamic Contact Angle

From the environmental conservation perspective, warm mix asphalt is more preferable compared to hot mix asphalt. This is because warm mix asphalt can be produced and paved in the temperature range 20–40°C lower than its equivalent hot mix asphalt. In terms of cost-effectiveness, warm mix asphalt can significantly improve the mixture workability at a lower temperature and thus reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to be environment friendly. However, the concern, which is challenging to warm mix asphalt, is its susceptibility to moisture damage due to its reduced production temperature. This may cause adhesive failure, which could eventually result in stripping of the asphalt binder from the aggregates. This research highlights the significance of Cecabase warm mix additive to lower the production temperature of warm mix asphalt and improvise the asphalt binder adhesion properties with aggregate. The binders used in the preparation of the test specimen were PG-64 and PG-76. The contact angle values were measured by using the dynamic Wilhelmy plate device. The surface free energy of Cecabase-modified binders was then computed by developing a dedicated algorithm using the C++ program. The analytical measurements such as the spreadability coefficient, work of adhesion, and compatibility ratio were used to analyze the results. The results inferred that the Cecabase improved the spreadability of the asphalt binder over limestone compared to the granite aggregate substrate. Nevertheless, the Cecabase-modified binders improved the work of adhesion. In terms of moisture sensitivity, it is also evident from the compatibility ratio indicator that, unlike granite aggregates, the limestone aggregates were less susceptible to moisture damage

Numerical investigation of mathematical non-dimensional constant representing smoothness in the Nusselt profile

Cooling of devices using air-jet and other fluid impingement has acquired pace in the manufacturing and electronic device industries. The cooling of the surface using liquid jets is studied using the Nusselt distribution profile. The pattern of the Nusselt profile becomes non-uniform when some parameters are wrongly selected. This may lead to heating of some locations instead of cooling of the surface. Thus research for keeping the Nusselt profile uniform is a primary task. The Nusselt profile depends mainly on the Reynolds number (Re) and nozzle-target spacing (Z/d). Therefore, the current study numerically evaluates the value of constant, which is a ratio of Reynolds number and nozzle-target spacing (C = Re/ (Z/d)) up to which the Nusselt profile remains uniform. The value of constant C is found to be 7400. Also, the present work uses a computational model for study, which is validated using grid independence test and turbulence modeling.The Research Creativity and Management Office, Universiti Saint Malaysiahttps://www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/cfdl/indexpm2021Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

Implementation of Parallel K-Means Algorithm to Estimate Adhesion Failure in Warm Mix Asphalt

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) are prepared at lower temperatures, making it more susceptible to moisture damage, which eventually leads to stripping due to the adhesion failure. Moreover, the assessment of the adhesion failure depends on the expertise of the investigator’s subjective visual assessment skills. Nowadays, image processing has gained popularity to address the inaccuracy of visual assessment. To attain high accuracy from image processing algorithms, the loss of pixels plays an essential role. In high-quality image samples, processing takes more execution time due to the greater resolution of the image. Therefore, the execution time of the image processing algorithm is also an essential aspect of quality. This manuscript proposes a parallel k means for image processing (PKIP) algorithm using multiprocessing and distributed computing to assess the adhesion failure in WMA and HMA samples subjected to three different moisture sensitivity tests (dry, one, and three freeze-thaw cycles) and fractured by indirect tensile test. For the proposed experiment, the number of clusters was chosen as ten (k = 10) based on k value and cost of k means function was computed to analyse the adhesion failure. The results showed that the PKIP algorithm decreases the execution time up to 30% to 46% if compared with the sequential k means algorithm when implemented using multiprocessing and distributed computing. In terms of results concerning adhesion failure, the WMA specimens subjected to a higher degree of moisture effect showed relatively lower adhesion failure compared to the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) samples when subjected to different levels of moisture sensitivity

Determination of non-recrystallization temperature for niobium microalloyed steel

In the present investigation, the non-recrystallization temperature (TNR) of niobium-micro alloyed steel is determined to plan rolling schedules for obtaining the desired properties of steel. The value of TNR is based on both alloying elements and deformation parameters. In the literature, TNR equations have been developed and utilized. However, each equation has certain limitations which constrain its applicability. This study was completed using laboratory-grade low-carbon Nbmicroalloyed steels designed to meet the API X-70 specification. Nbmicroalloyed steel is processed by the melting and casting process, and the composition is found by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Multiple-hit deformation tests were carried out on a Gleeble® 3500 system in the standard pocket-jaw configuration to determine TNR. Cuboidal specimens (10 (L) * 20 (W) *20 (T) mm3) were taken for compression test (multiple-hit deformation tests) in gleeble. Microstructure evolutions were carried out by using OM (optical microscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The value of TNR determined for 0.1 wt.% niobium bearing micro-alloyed steel is ~ 951 �C. Nb- micro-alloyed steel rolled at TNR produce partially recrystallized grain with ferrite nucleation. Hence, to verify the TNR value, a rolling process is applied with the finishing rolling temperature near TNR (~951 �C). The microstructure is also revealed in the pancake shape, which confirms TNR

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

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Recent Developments in DC-DC Converter Topologies for Light Electric Vehicle Charging: A Critical Review

Rising greenhouse gas emissions stemming from fossil fuel-driven vehicles are causing damage to the environment. To counteract this, one solution is the adoption of electric vehicles (EV) for transportation requirements. In this regard, one category of EVs that requires special attention is light electric vehicle (LEV), mainly because of their wide potential in public transportation—especially in developing countries. To realise widespread adoption of LEVs for this purpose, it is imperative to make their charging systems more robust. Consequently, the subject of LEV charging has gained considerable traction, and numerous research works have been reported on this subject in recent years. Hence, this paper aims to chronicle recent research developments on LEV charging techniques, by placing special attention on DC-DC converter topologies used in both on-board and off-board chargers. This review explores recent LEV charger DC-DC converters in literature by segregating them into isolated and non-isolated topologies. Lastly, this work explores challenges and emerging trends in LEV charging, which can potentially be explored by researchers in the future

Automated image analysis and improvisations to manage palm oil plantation

Palm oil industry plays an essential role in South-East Asian agricultural commodity sector as it contributes to the substantial gross domestic product of the country. However, with the advent of climate change and massive deforestation, the disease and malfunctioning in the growth of palm tree have increased. Therefore, it has become essential to detect any form of the disease in palm oil plantation which can hamper its productivity as it can cause a serious problem to the countries whose economic conditions are primarily dependent upon palm oil plantations. Hence, early detection of disease from the initial stage is crucial to the production of palm oil. In this regard, the proposed manuscript highlights the importance of image processing in detecting early disease in palm oil plantation using image segmentation and also proposes some improvisations in palm oil plantation which will be helpful in managing the palm oil commodity business